What happens in a neural network and what happens in a semiconductor device that we can choose to interpret as simulating the computational characteristics of a neural network (ignoring EM emissions, chemistry, etc.) are mechanically very different. If they both generate cognition (including the subjective aspects implied by that word), I would be very surprised. But that doesn't preclude the artificial neural network from mapping input-output in a way that correlates well with the input-output we observe in biological neural networks (again, ignoring a shit-ton of input and output that we don't consider part of the "computation").